Integrated transport and renewable energy systems

No single technology can solve the problem of ever increasing CO2 emissions from transport. Here, a coherent effort to integrate transport into energy planning is proposed, using multiple means promoting sustainable transport. It is concluded that a 100 per cent renewable energy transport system is possible but is connected to significant challenges in the path towards it. Biomass is a limited resource and it is important to avoid effecting the production of food. The integration of the transport with the energy system is crucial as is a multi-pronged strategy. Short term solutions have to consider the long term goal. In a short term proposal for 2030 it is concluded that it is possible both to reduce CO2 emissions substantially and, at the same time, gain economic benefits. Biofuels are not able to solve the problems within the transport sector but play an important role in combination with other technologies.