Kwasica ketonowa u dzieci i młodzieży z cukrzycÄ typu 1 - znaczenie wczesnego rozpoznania

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute metabolic complication in patients with type 1 diabetes and in patients with type 2 diabetes. DKA is the common cause of diabetes-associated hospitalizations and deaths in children. It is caused by severe insulin deficiency. Cerebral edema is a rare complication of DKA, associated with a high mortality rate or neurological sequelae. The article presents the incidence and causes of DKA. The authors discuss the main symptoms of hyperglycemia and DKA, which, when recognized by primary care physicians, parents and teachers may allow for an early diabetes diagnosis. In children with diagnosed diabetes, the report emphasizes the role of diabetological teams and diabetes education they provide, thus indicating a possibility of decreasing DKA incidence in children and adolescents both with newly-diagnosed diabetes and previously treated with insulin. The article is based on the experience of the authors and the recommendations of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) (2006-2007), European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (ESPE), Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES), Polish Diabetes Association (2007) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) (2006).