Morfologia kliniczna wad drogi odpływu

Morphogenesis of outflow tract malformations is linked to abnormal rotation and septation of the primitive outflow tract. It leads to the impaired formation of aorta and pulmonary trunk, as well as abnormal relationships of the great arteries. The review presents current opinions on outflow tract development and its most common malformations: common arterial trunk, various forms of ventriculo-arterial discordance and double outlet right ventricle. Formation of the common arterial trunk is related to abnormal formation of the aorto-pulmonary septum. Due to its morphological diversity, numerous classifications were introduced. The authors discuss morphology of the common trunk valve, anatomy of coronary arteries and associated anomalies. Transposition of the great arteries is considered a lateralization and outflow tract rotation defect. Section concerning this one of the most prevalent cardiac malformations presents segmental morphology of the affected heart, relations of the great arteries, associated anomalies, as well as clinical and surgical problems resulting from altered cardiac morphology. Double outlet right ventricle is presented with emphasis on terminological inconsistence and anatomy of various morphological subtypes.