Venous angioplasty and stenting improve pelvic congestion syndrome caused by venous outflow obstruction

Nonthrombotic obstruction of the left CIV or IVC is an underappreciated cause of PCS. Venous angioplasty and stenting provide excellent short-term results for such patients, with resolution of chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia. Venous obstruction should be considered and carefully evaluated in patients presenting with pelvic congestion, and treatment of obstruction alone may solve the patient's symptoms.