کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
10220983 | 1697527 | 2018 | 156 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
The pupillary light responses of animals; a review of their distribution, dynamics, mechanisms and functions
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
واکنش های سبک حیوانات؛ بررسی توزیع، پویایی، مکانیزم و توابع آنها
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کلمات کلیدی
PLROPNipRGCt50Dilation - انحطاطConstriction - انقباضintrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell - درون سلول گانگلیونی شبکیه حساس به نور درونی استCephalopod - سفالوسکوپیPupil - شاگردIris - عنبیهVertebrate - مهره دارانEdinger-Westphal nucleus - هستن Edinger-Westphalolivary pretectal nucleus - هسته pretectal olivaryciliary ganglion - گانگلیون تلخی
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
علم عصب شناسی
سیستم های حسی
چکیده انگلیسی
The timecourse and extent of changes in pupil area in response to light are reviewed in all classes of vertebrate and cephalopods. Although the speed and extent of these responses vary, most species, except the majority of teleost fish, show extensive changes in pupil area related to light exposure. The neuromuscular pathways underlying light-evoked pupil constriction are described and found to be relatively conserved, although the precise autonomic mechanisms differ somewhat between species. In mammals, illumination of only one eye is known to cause constriction in the unilluminated pupil. Such consensual responses occur widely in other animals too, and their function and relation to decussation of the visual pathway is considered. Intrinsic photosensitivity of the iris muscles has long been known in amphibia, but is in fact widespread in other animals. The functions of changes in pupil area are considered. In the majority of species, changes in pupil area serve to balance the conflicting demands of high spatial acuity and increased sensitivity in different light levels. In the few teleosts in which pupil movements occur they do not serve a visual function but play a role in camouflaging the eye of bottom-dwelling species. The occurrence and functions of the light-independent changes in pupil size displayed by many animals are also considered. Finally, the significance of the variations in pupil shape, ranging from circular to various orientations of slits, ovals, and other shapes, is discussed.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - Volume 66, September 2018, Pages 17-48
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - Volume 66, September 2018, Pages 17-48
نویسندگان
Ronald H. Douglas,