Optimal network flows for containerized imports to the United States

This paper analyzes the intermodal transportation network of containerized imports to the United States. An optimization model is developed that integrates international and North America inland transport networks. The results indicate optimal ship size, route, port, and interior shipping corridor and are highly reflective of observed shipments. Sensitivity analyzes were performed to evaluate impacts of congestion on capacity constraints as well as the prospective impacts of the alternative routes that are emerging. Results indicate that Prince Rupert is highly competitive for shipments to some markets, but the expansion of the Panama Canal would have lesser impacts on container flows.