Environmental dynamics and collaboration: Case studies of U.S.–Russian aerospace joint ventures

This work addresses two United States–Russian joint ventures in the expendable space launch vehicle sector of the aerospace industry. The paper first overviews evolving political and economic conditions affecting industry operations in both the United States and Russia as well as their influence on cooperation between companies from the two countries. The paper then describes the participants in the two joint ventures along with their motivations for and contributions to the cross national collaborations. Finally, the paper addresses the structures of the joint ventures, their progress to date, and the methods the companies have used to protect against technology appropriation by their partners.