Design consideration of low temperature differential double-acting Stirling engine for solar application

This paper presents design considerations to be taken in designing of a low temperature differential double-acting Stirling engine for solar application. The target power source will be a thermosiphon solar water heater with integrated storage system, which will supply a constant source temperature of 70 °C. Hence, the system design is based on a temperature difference of 50 °C, assuming that the sink is kept at 20 °C. During the preliminary design stage, the critical parameters of the engine design are determined according to the Schmidt analysis, while the third order analysis was used during the design optimisation stage in order to establish a complete analytical model for the engine. The heat exchangers are designed to be of high effectiveness and low pressure-drop, and are made from a 0.015 m tube, while the porosity of the steel wool of 0.722 is used for the regenerator matrix. Upon optimisation, the optimal engine speed is 120 rpm with the swept volume of 2.3 l, and thus the critical engine parameters are found to be the bore diameter of 0.20 m. In addition, the volumes of heater, cooler and regenerator are 1.3 l, 1.3 l and 2.0 l volumes, respectively.