Optimal PMU placement for power system observability using binary particle swarm optimization and considering measurement redundancy

► In this study we present a binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) for the optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs). ► Flow measurements and injection measurements are considered as conventional measurements. ► This study shows the Effect of maximization measurement redundancy on the test system. ► We conclude that the whole system can be observable with installing PMUs on less than 25% of system buses.