Surface speciation of Eu3+ adsorbed on kaolinite by time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC)

► Three Eu3+ surface complexes with kaolinite were obtained from TRLFS with PARAFAC. ► The intensity profiles of the species explained the measured adsorption of Eu3+. ► Detailed information of the species was deduced from their fluorescent properties.