Dielectric properties of Bauhinia monandra and Concanavalin A lectin monolayers, part I

The dielectric properties of the galactose-binding lectins Bauhinia monandra (BmoLL) and Concanavalin A (Con A) were assessed by surface potential measurements of their spread monolayers on an aqueous subphase containing a monovalent electrolyte. For both lectins the curves of surface potential versus mean molecular area (ΔV-A) and the independently recorded isotherms of surface pressure versus mean molecular area (Π-A) were shown to be pH-dependent. As the subphase pH changed from 2 to 9, a noticeable trend to higher surface pressures accompanied the compression of the monolayers. Conversely, the surface potentials values of both monolayers decreased with increasing pH. For Con A, with the single exception of the pH 9 case, lowering the pH yielded ΔV values higher than those for BmoLL. The contribution of the electric double layer (Ψ0) to the overall ΔV values at a given Π (15 mN/m) was calculated using a modified Davies equation and assuming that at this surface pressure the monolayers of both studied lectins were stable. While at all studied pHs the Ψ0 values for Con A exceeded those calculated for BmoLL, for both lectins they were insensitive to pH changes. This provided evidence that the reorientation of lectin molecules, during compression predominantly contributed to the alteration of the overall ΔV values. The calculated Ψ0 values made possible the evaluation of the dipole moments for BmoLL and Con A, and it has been estimated that the decrease in the pH of the subphase from 9 to 2 produced a 1.6-fold (twofold) increase in the value of for BmoLL (Con A). The differences in dielectric properties between the two film-forming lectins have been attributed to the differences in their structures. Indeed, the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of Con A showed the predominance of β-plated sheet structures while that of BmoLL was typically rich in α-helix structures.