کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
10442592 | 914872 | 2010 | 9 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation
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کلمات کلیدی
Air pollution - آلودگی هواevaluation - ارزیابیRegulatory reform - اصلاحات قانونیSafety - ایمنیDecision-making - تصمیم گیریGovernment - حکومتPolicy - خط مشی یا سیاستSelf-correction - خود اصلاحPharmaceuticals - داروهاKnowledge - دانشAdaptation - سازگاری(زیست شناسی)Health - سلامتیEnvironment - محیط زیستRegulation - مقرراتLearning - یادگیری
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم انسانی و اجتماعی
مدیریت، کسب و کار و حسابداری
کسب و کار و مدیریت بین المللی
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چکیده انگلیسی
In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Technological Forecasting and Social Change - Volume 77, Issue 6, July 2010, Pages 951-959
Journal: Technological Forecasting and Social Change - Volume 77, Issue 6, July 2010, Pages 951-959
نویسندگان
Lawrence E. McCray, Kenneth A. Oye, Arthur C. Petersen,