Mindfulness: Top-down or bottom-up emotion regulation strategy?

► Mindfulness training (MT) has shown efficacy for many clinical conditions. ► Little is known about the neural correlates supporting the clinical benefits of MT. ► MT could be associated with top-down emotion regulation in short-term practitioners. ► MT could be associated with bottom-up emotion regulation in long-term practitioners. ► Different instructions or mental conditions could influence the neural mechanisms of MT.