Confidence judgment in depression and dysphoria: The depressive realism vs. negativity hypotheses

► Both depressive realism and negativity could explain cognitive biases in depression. ► We examined this in clinical depression and dysphoria. ► Dysphoric patients and controls displayed realistic retrospective judgment. ► In contrast, clinically depressed patients showed underconfident retrospective judgment. ► Thus, depressive realism was confirmed in dysphoria but not in clinical depression.