Emerging effortful control in toddlerhood: The role of infant orienting/regulation, maternal effortful control, and maternal time spent in caregiving activities

▶ Change in infant orienting/regulation predicted toddler effortful control. ▶ Toddler EC was predicted by maternal EC. ▶ Maternal EC predicted maternal time spent interacting with infants. ▶ Maternal time in interaction with infants predicted toddler EC. ▶ Findings support the importance of maternal EC and time with infants for toddler EC.