Respiratory sinus arrhythmia responses to induced emotional states: Effects of RSA indices, emotion induction method, age, and sex

► Different RSA measures show heterogeneous responses to emotional stimuli. ► RMSSD and high-frequency spectral power may respond differently. ► Emotional effects may disappear when correction is made for changes in respiration rate. ► Pictures and film clips representing the same elementary emotion may induce different effects. ► Females and males may show different responses.