کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
10459722 923042 2014 16 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Newness, givenness and discourse updating: Evidence from eye movements
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
نوازش، نوشتار و نوشتار گفتار: شواهد از حرکات چشم
کلمات کلیدی
وضعیت اطلاعات، گرما، تمرکز، نمایندگی گفتمان، به روز رسانی گفتمان، خواندن،
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علم عصب شناسی علوم اعصاب شناختی
چکیده انگلیسی
Three experiments examined the effect of contextual givenness on eye movements in reading, following Schwarzschild's (1999) analysis of givenness and focus-marking in which relations among entities as well as the entities themselves can be given. In each study, a context question was followed by an answer in which a critical word was either given, new, or contrastively (correctively) focused. Target words were read faster when the critical word provided given information than when it provided new information, and faster when it provided new information than when it corrected prior information. Repetition of target words was controlled in two ways: by mentioning a non-given target word in the context in a relation other than that in which it occurred as a target, and by using a synonym or subordinate of a given target to refer to it in the context question. Verbatim repetition was not responsible for the observed effects of givenness and contrastiveness. Besides clarifying previous inconsistent results of the effects of focus and givenness on reading speed, these results indicate that reading speed can be influenced essentially immediately by a reader's discourse representation, and that the extent of the influence is graded, with corrections to a representation having a larger effect than simple additions
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Journal of Memory and Language - Volume 71, Issue 1, February 2014, Pages 1-16
نویسندگان
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