Efficacy of Once-Daily Indacaterol Relative to Alternative Bronchodilators in COPD: A Patient-Level Mixed Treatment Comparison

Indacaterol is expected to be comparable to formoterol, salmeterol, and tiotropium, providing higher FEV1 than formoterol and salmeterol and greater improvement in the SGRQ total score than tiotropium. Indacaterol 150 μg provided comparable improvement in dyspnea, while indacaterol 300 μg demonstrated the greatest response overall.