Expert assessments of retrofitting coal-fired power plants with carbon dioxide capture technologies

► Study presents experts' views on CCS retrofit costs and performance. ► Experts commented on amine-based systems, chilled ammonia, and oxy-fuel combustion. ► Estimates of future energy penalty show uncertainty for the three technologies. ► These estimates under an aggressive RD&D policy scenario narrow significantly. ► The experts' judgments support the need for enhanced RD&D for post-combustion CCS.