Environmental Kuznets Curve for carbon emissions in Pakistan: An empirical investigation

► Environmental Kuznets Curve exists only in the long-run in Pakistan. ► Both energy consumption and trade openness also affect carbon emissions positively in the long run. ► The short-run results have, however, denied the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. ► None of the explanatory variables affect emissions in short-run. ► There is uni-directional causality from growth to energy consumption. ► There is uni-directional causality from growth to emissions.