Economic prescriptions and policy applications in the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive

A key element of the European Water Framework Directive is the role that economic tools and principles have been assigned in achieving its objectives. This has raised important research and implementation questions that have set the water agenda in Europe in the last ten years and will continue to do so. This paper examines these key questions and reviews the progress that has been made in addressing them. Key research-policy challenges ahead are identified. These include addressing “wicked” problems, such as the operationalisation of the ecosystem service approach; challenging assumed principles for cost-effectiveness and disproportionality; and effectively co-constructing knowledge with stakeholders.

► Comprehensive examination of economic aspects of WFD and challenges.
► Divergence between scientific economic prescriptions and policy applications.
► Normal science challenges ahead: method improvement (e.g. benefit transfer).
► Mode 2 science challenges: co-constructed ecosystem service approach.