Approximate analytical constitutive model for non-crimp fabric composites

In this paper, a study set on development and validation of constitutive models to account for out-of-plane fibre waviness in Non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites is presented. For this purpose, a mathematical model based on Timoshenko beam theory applied on curved beams, representing wavy tows in a NCF composite layer is employed. Stiffness knock-down factors operating at the ply level are established and introduced in laminate theory. The developed models are validated on laminates by comparison between predictions and experimental data as well as by comparison with numerical results for a cross-ply laminate. Application of the models on NCF composite laminates (cross-ply and quasi-isotropic) reveals that the models successfully predict laminate elastic properties.