Dynamic austenite-to-ferrite transformation behavior of plain low carbon steel within (γ + α) 2-phase field at low strain rate

Massive ferrite was observed to form during deformation of plain low carbon steel within (γ + α) 2-phase field at temperatures below T0, whereas polygonal ferrite was formed at higher temperatures by conventional strain-induced transformation. The grain refinement occurred through continuous recrystallization of massive ferrite during deformation.