Synthesis of visible-light reactive TiO2−xNy photocatalyst by mechanochemical doping

Yellowish TiO2−xNy was prepared by a novel mechanochemical nitrogen-doping method. The samples were prepared by a high-energy ball milling of P25 titania with different nitrogen sources such as hexamethylenetetramine, urea or ammonium carbonate, followed by calcination in air at 400 °C. The high mechanical energy accelerated the phase transformation of anatase to rutile, while the existence of the nitrogen reagents tended to block the transformation. The calcination treatment slightly increased the crystallinity of the prepared titania. The prepared powders possessed two absorption edges at around 400 and 540 nm and showed an excellent photocatalytic ability for the oxidation of nitrogen monoxide under visible light irradiation. Under the irradiation of visible light with wavelengths of >510 nm, nitrogen monoxide could be continuously removed by the nitrogen doped titania prepared from the P25 titania-hexamethylenetetramine mixture, while the powders prepared using urea and ammonium carbonate as nitrogen sources showed lower activities. This mechanochemical technique might be widely useful for doping oxides with nonmetallic elements.