The effect of pre-strain on the material behaviour and the Bauschinger effect in the bending of hot rolled and aged steel

▶ In carbon steel the upper yield stress in bending was greater than that in tension. ▶ Unstable bending was observed; this follows the model proposed by Duncan et al. ▶ Yield stress increased in tension but decreased in bending with pre-train. ▶ Softening in bending was greater than predicted by tension and compression data.