Effects of Al addition on deformation and fracture mechanisms in two high manganese TWIP steels

▶ Two TWIP steels or specimens after the tensile or cup forming test consisted of austenite. ▶ The delayed fracture in the 22Mn steel was because a small amount of twinning took place as loads applied. ▶ In the 18Mn-Al steel, the cracking did not occur due to lower stress concentration because a large amount of twinning occurred homogeneously.