High-resolution X-ray monochromators

X-ray monochromators for high-resolution spectroscopy are summarized. Several types of monochromators with different resolutions are discussed, with emphasis on a system for hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HXPES) developed at BL29XUL of SPring-8. The HXPES monochromator used a single channel-cut crystal with a high throughput of ∼1011photon/s in a bandwidth of ΔE=45meV at E=5.95keV.