DNA-based screening for an intracellular cadherin mutation conferring non-recessive Cry1Ac resistance in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera

- The r15 allele of HaCad confers non-recessive resistance to Cry1Ac.
- A DNA-based diagnostic method was developed for screening the r15 allele of HaCad.
- Three r15 alleles were detected from 562 moths collected from northern China.
- The r15 allele has multiple evolutionary origins in field populations.