ncRNAs and thermoregulation: A view in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

During cellular stress response, a widespread inhibition of transcription and blockade of splicing and other post-transcriptional processing is detected, while certain specific genes are induced. In particular, free-living cells constantly monitor temperature. When the thermal condition changes, they activate a set of genes coding for proteins that participate in the response. Non-coding RNAs, ncRNAs, and conformational changes in specific regions of mRNAs seem also to be crucial regulators that enable the cell to adjust its physiology to environmental changes. They exert their effects following the same principles in all organisms and may affect all steps of gene expression. These ncRNAs and structural elements as related to thermal stress response in bacteria are reviewed. The resemblances to eukaryotic ncRNAs are highlighted.