Promoting myelin repair and return of function in multiple sclerosis

► Neuroprotective and regenerative treatments may improve long-term outcomes in multiple sclerosis. ► Restricting demyelination and improving repair may reduce axonal transection. ► Pathways promoting oligodendrocyte viability and myelination include gp130 cytokines, neurotrophins, IGFs and RXR signaling. ► Inhibitors of maturation and myelin formation include bone morphogenetic proteins and the canonical Wnt and Notch pathways. ► Although these avenues are promising, no therapies are yet approved that target these areas in multiple sclerosis patients.