Cytoprotection by the modulation of mitochondrial electron transport chain: The emerging role of mitochondrial STAT3

► When electron transport produces cell injury, proximal blockade can protect. ► Approaches to target complexes I and II promote cytoprotection. ► Mitochondria-localized STAT3 directly regulates electron transport. ► Therapeutic approaches include reversible inhibitors of complex I. ► Other treatment options include the modulation of endogenous signaling pathways.