Induction of apoptosis in K562 human leukemia cells by 2′,4′-dihydroxy-6′-methoxy-3′,5′-dimethylchalcone

2′,4′-Dihydroxy-6′-methoxy-3′,5′-dimethylchalcone (DMC), isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus, was investigated in its cytotoxicity and anti-proliferation on K562 cell line. Our results revealed that the IC50 was equal to 14.2 ± 0.45 μM and the EC50 was 3.3 ± 0.14 μM. Staining with Hoechst 33258 showed fragmentation and condensation of chromatin in the cells treated with 8 μM DMC for 48 h. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine hypodiploid cells. The results of flow cytometry assay indicated that the percentage of hypodiploid K562 cells was 76.15 ± 3.22% after 48 h treatment with 16.0 μM DMC. The treatment resulted in the appearance of a hypodiploid peak (A0 region), probably due to the presence of apoptosing cells and/or apoptotic bodies with DNA content less than 2n. Western blot results illustrated that in the same dosage and incubation time, DMC could down-regulate the level of Bcl-2 protein and did not influence the expression of Bax protein. The resulting net effect could thus lead to a lower ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, which might be responsible for the DMC-induced apoptosis in K562 cells.