Radiation-induced enteropathy: Molecular basis of pentoxifylline-vitamin E anti-fibrotic effect involved TGF-β1 cascade inhibition

The anti-fibrotic effect of combined pentoxifylline-vitamin E is at least in part mediated by inhibition of the TGF-β1 cascade. It strengthens previous clinical data showing pentoxifylline-vitamin E synergy and supports its use as a first-line treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis.