Imaging of mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics in astrocytes using cell-specific mitochondria-targeted GCaMP5G/6s: Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and cytosolic Ca2+ availability via the endoplasmic reticulum store

- Mitochondria-targeted GCaMP5G/6s with astrocyte- and neuron-specific promoters were used.
- Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in cultured astrocytes/neurons was imaged using two-photon microscopy.
- Ca2+ uptake from individual mitochondria in astrocytes/neurons was imaged.
- Simultaneous imaging of mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca2+ was conducted.
- The ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals are tightly coupled.