Ectopic formation of primordial germ cells by transplantation of the germ plasm: Direct evidence for germ cell determinant in Xenopus

► We transplanted EGFP-labeled germ plasm into extremely ectopic region in Xenopus embryo. ► Germ plasm retains its properties in the ectopic region. ► PGCs are formed at the ectopic region by transplantation of germ plasm. ► Ectopic PGCs can become functional germ cells, sperms and eggs. ► We have proven directly that “Germ plasm includes the germ cell determinant” in vertebrates.