Regulation of hippocampal synapse remodeling by epileptiform activity

We examined the regulation of dendritic spines and synapses by epileptiform activity (EA) in rat hippocampal slice cultures. EA, which was induced by a GABAA receptor inhibitor, gabazine, reduced pyramidal neuron spine density by ∼50% after 48 h and also caused an increase in the average length of remaining spines. To directly determine the effects of EA on synapses, we used fluorescent protein-tagged PSD95, which marks postsynaptic densities. EA induced a net loss of synapses on spines but not shafts; conversely, activity blockade (TTX) induced a loss of shaft synapses. Time-lapse confocal imaging in live tissue slices revealed that EA (1) shifts the balance of synapse gain and loss in dendrites leading to a net loss of spine synapses and (2) induces the formation of new filopodia-like dendritic structures having abnormally slow motility. These results identify EA-induced changes in the density and distribution of synaptic structures on dendrites.