Overactive and underactive bladder dysfunction is reflected by alterations in urothelial ATP and NO release

▶ The ratio of ATP/NO, representing sensory transmission in the bladder, is high in overactive and low in underactive bladder dysfunction. ▶ ATP release has a positive while NO release has a negative correlation with the bladder contraction frequency. ▶ The urinary ATP/NO ratio may be a clinically relevant biomarker to characterize the extent of bladder dysfunction.