A-to-I RNA editing: The “ADAR” side of human cancer

► A-to-I RNA editing converts adenosines to inosines in dsRNA structures. ► Deregulation of ADAR expression/activity is often found in cancer human tissues. ► ADAR1 plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis and its activity seems altered in hematological diseases. ► Lack of ADAR2 activity is associated to astrocytoma invasiveness. ► Editable substrates and ADAR activity need to be fully investigated, for their implication in possible therapeutic applications.