Hypoxia-inducible factors: Crosstalk between inflammation and metabolism

► HIFs function in the cellular response to stress through a variety of pathways. ► HIF-1α and HIF-2α have opposing and overlapping roles in the microenvironment. ► Hypoxia and HIFs contribute to metabolic changes during tumorigenesis. ► The inflammatory response under hypoxia helps drive tumor progression. ► Hypoxia driven crosstalk influences tumor metabolism, inflammation, and malignancy.