Seasonal variation of reproductive success under female philopatry and male-biased dispersal in a common vole population

▶ The reproductive success of the common voles was studied using molecular markers. ▶ Standardized variance of female reproductive success did not vary seasonally. ▶ The males are the dispersing sex, undergoing both natal and breeding dispersal. ▶Standardized variance of reproductive success of males was higher than for females.