Rare occurrence of Whipple Disease in a young female patient with a fatal outcome

Whipple Disease is a rare chronic multi-systemic disease caused by the ubiquitous environmental Gram-positive bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. It can be fatal if untreated. Here we describe the fatal outcome in a 27-year-old Caucasian female patient with a three-month history of persistent fever, anemia, weight loss and diarrhea. The final resolution of the diagnostic process was only reached after the patient’s death thanks to autopsy. The case depicted is a classic Whipple Disease histologically characterized by digestive involvement based on positive periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemical analysis for T. whipplei and systemic involvement (pericarditis, brain lipid storage, renal fat embolism). The case reported here is of interest because the patient was a woman and also young, characteristics which do not meet the classical epidemiological features of this elusive and troubling disease.