Probabilistic analysis on scattering effect of initiation systems and concept of modified charge per delay for prediction of blast induced ground vibrations

In this paper, a new concept of modified charge per delay has been developed to predict the blast-induced peak particle velocity for blasts using different initiating systems having varying cap scatter while using the same predictor equation. It is seen that a significant reduction in errors has been obtained between actual and predicted PPV with values of root mean square errors (RMSE) up to 1.361 mm/s.