Load optimization for reducing the cost of an electric vehicle's battery pack

Results show than an important reduction in the cost of the battery pack can be achieved. In the optimum configuration found-for the case study carried out with the modified profile-the low-frequency battery supplies 80.14% of the total capacity of the car (24 kWh) and sees a maximum peak power of 37.17 kW; whereas the fast-frequency battery has a smaller capacity of 4.77 kW h but sees a much larger peak power of 88.56 kW. The total cost of this hybrid system is estimated at $5939, which represents a 12.7% reduction in cost with respect to the original battery pack of the vehicle.