A simple test for homogeneity of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and disequilibrium across strata

For an SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) sampled from several ethnic populations with different allele frequencies, verifying the homogeneity of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium or disequilibrium across strata is a critical factor in measuring the quality of the SNP. We obtain a simple unified method that can be applied directly to test the homogeneity of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium or disequilibrium across strata. The deviation of each ethnic population from homogeneity is measured via a new exact test that depends on a common homogeneity coefficient. Tippett’s minimum pp-value method is then used to test for homogeneity across strata.