Assessment of bioavailability and risk of iron in phytomedicines Aconitum carmichaeli and Paeonia lactiflora

The concentration of octanol-soluble iron could be used for the bioavailability assessment of iron in phytomedicines. The dosage of iron in phytomedicines could be designed according to the level of the octanol-soluble iron and the reference daily intakes for iron (18 mg/d). Risk assessment could be examined through the comparison between the level of the octanol-soluble iron and the tolerable upper intake level for iron (45 mg iron/d).