Concentration of calcium and magnesium and trace elements (zinc, copper, iron and manganese) in cerebrospinal fluid: A try of a pathophysiological classification

The aim of this study is to analyze the variation of the elements (Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn) in normal and pathological CSF and develop a classification basing on the increases in cells and proteins and taking into account these variations.A total of 173 cerebrospinal fluids were analyzed. Of these, 37 fulfilled the criteria of normality and, after clinical exploration, were considered to be healthy (control group). The remaining 136 CSFs (pathological group) belonged to people for whom some neurological pathology had been observed in the clinical exploration and whose CSF analysis presented some abnormality. CSF was extracted by puncture in the lumbar cistern. The analysis of metals was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The statistical values (mean ± standard deviation) obtained for each element analyzed in control group were as follows: Ca (mg/dL): 4.95 ± 0.70; Mg (mg/dL): 2.74 ± 0.10; Cu (μg/dL): 15.70 ± 13.50; Fe (μg/dL): 13.10 ± 3.60; Zn (μg/dL): 17.40 ± 9.50 and Mn (μg/dL): 2.50 ± 0.70. In the pathological CSFs, significant increases were found (p < 0.050) in relation to the control group for Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn in groups with an increase of both cells and proteins. A significant decrease of Mg (p < 0.050) was found in the groups with cell and protein increases.Given the results obtained in the different subgroups of the proposed classification, we conclude that it is necessary to further categorize the patients’ diagnostics in the different subgroups. This would help to validate the classification.