A sol-gel-based amino functionalized fiber for immersed solid-phase microextraction of organophosphorus pesticides from environmental samples

A method based on immersed solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection (GC–MS) for the determination of organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) in aqueous samples was developed. A sol-gel based coating fiber was prepared using 3-(trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine as precursor. The synthesized fiber was prepared in a way to impart polar moiety into the coating network and would be more suitable for extracting polar and semi-polar organic pollutants. Important parameters influencing the extraction process were optimized and an extraction time of 40 min at 30 °C gave maximum peak area, when NaCl (20% w/v) was added to the aqueous sample. The linearity for disulfoton, phorate and sulfotep was in the concentration range of 0.01 to 5 ng mL− 1 and for parathion and O,O,O-triethylthiphosphate was in the range of 0.01 to 50 ng mL− 1. Limits of detection ranged from 1 ng L− 1, for parathion, to 0.05 ng L− 1, for disulfoton using time-scheduled selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, and the RSD% values were all below 10.5% at the 1 ng mL− 1 level. The developed method was successfully applied to real water samples while the relative recovery percentages obtained for the spiked water samples were from 80 to 115%.