Gadolinium-modified titanium oxide materials for photoenergy applications: a review

Gadolinium doped titania materials were explored for application in photoenergy production. Incorporation of gadolinium into titania permitted improvement of photocatalytic or photovoltaic performance of the latter. This review provided a deep analysis of gadolinium applications in photoenergy processes and devices with the main focus on explanation of gadolinium doping effect on physicochemical properties of titania.

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