کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
1265164 972197 2014 7 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Skin permeation of d-limonene-based nanoemulsions as a transdermal carrier prepared by ultrasonic emulsification
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه شیمی شیمی (عمومی)
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Skin permeation of d-limonene-based nanoemulsions as a transdermal carrier prepared by ultrasonic emulsification
چکیده انگلیسی

Nanoemulsions can be used for transporting pharmaceutical phytochemicals in skin-care products because of their stability and rapid permeation properties. However, droplet size may be a critical factor aiding permeation through skin and transdermal delivery efficiency. We prepared d-limonene nanoemulsions with various droplet sizes by ultrasonic emulsification using mixed surfactants of sorbitane trioleate and polyoxyethylene (20) oleyl ether under different hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values. Droplet size decreased with increasing HLB value. With HLB 12, the droplet size was 23 nm, and the encapsulated ratio peaked at 92.3%. Transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical droplets and the gray parts were d-limonene precipitation incorporated in spherical droplets of the emulsion system. Franz diffusion cell was used to evaluate the permeation of d-limonene nanoemulsion through rat abdominal skin; the permeation rate depended on droplet size. The emulsion with the lowest droplet size (54 nm) achieved the maximum permeation rate. The concentration of d-limonene in the skin was 40.11 μL/cm2 at the end of 360 min. Histopathology revealed no distinct voids or empty spaces in the epidermal region of permeated rat skin, so the d-limonene nanoemulsion may be a safe carrier for transdermal drug delivery.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry - Volume 21, Issue 2, March 2014, Pages 826–832
نویسندگان
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