Inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes by whole device transfer

We present a method for improving the efficiency of charge carrier injection at both cathode and anode of inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diode (TOLED). In this method, a bottom-emitting OLED (BOLED) is first fabricated on a flexible substrate, which is then transferred as a whole to a glass substrate for the fabrication of the inverted TOLED (ITOLED). The electrode engineering that is responsible for the improvement, which is not possible in the traditional fabrication of ITOLED, is made realizable by the whole device transfer.